Preah Khan Temple

A Testament to Royal Patronage and Social Welfare

Preah Khan Temple, also known as Nagara Jayasri, stands as a remarkable embodiment of Khmer architectural brilliance and the compassionate rule of King Jayavarman VII. Constructed in the late 12th century, around 1191, during the reign of Jayavarman VII (1181-1220), this Buddhist Mahayana temple, adorned in the iconic Bayon style, holds profound historical significance and serves as a beacon of social welfare initiatives in ancient Cambodia.

Preah Khan Temple was commissioned by King Jayavarman VII to enshrine the idol of his father, Dharnindravarman II, depicted in the likeness of Bodhisattva Lokesvara. Situated amidst a grandiose complex spanning approximately 800 meters by 700 meters, this monumental temple boasts four concentric enclosures adorned with towering Garudas and serpents, forming an imposing boundary that stretches over 3 kilometers. The temple's central complex, with Gopuras or entrance pavilions, reflects a quadrilateral layout measuring 250 meters by 175 meters, showcasing exquisite carvings and architectural finesse.

Symbolism and Significance:

The causeways leading to Preah Khan Temple are flanked by figures carrying Nagas, symbolizing the Churning of the Sea of Milk, a prominent motif signifying the temple's royal patronage and spiritual sanctity. The name "Preah Khan," meaning "sacred sword," alludes to the safeguard of Cambodia, suggesting a connection between the temple and the kingdom's divine protection. This name, not uncommon among Cambodia's temples, underscores the temple's significance in safeguarding the kingdom's spiritual and temporal sovereignty.

Social Welfare Initiatives:

Preah Khan Temple's inscription, dated to 1939, provides insights into the temple's extensive endowments and social welfare endeavors. With over 430 images and numerous villages under its patronage, the temple served as a hub of religious and charitable activities. The inscription enumerates various religious foundations established by King Jayavarman VII, including hospitals and resting houses strategically located along major roads, catering to the needs of travelers and pilgrims.

Healthcare and Administrative Organization:

Under King Jayavarman VII's benevolent rule, Cambodia witnessed a flourishing healthcare system, with over 102 hospitals scattered across the kingdom. These hospitals, managed by a team of medical personnel and support staff, provided comprehensive healthcare services to the populace. The hospitals' organization, as documented in foundation steles, reflects meticulous planning and dedication to public welfare, with provisions for medical supplies, offerings, and sanitation.

Cultural and Economic Impact:

Preah Khan Temple's legacy extends beyond its architectural splendor, influencing Cambodia's cultural and economic landscape. As a center of pilgrimage and royal patronage, the temple played a pivotal role in fostering religious devotion and cultural exchange. Moreover, its extensive endowments and social welfare initiatives contributed to the kingdom's economic prosperity and societal well-being.

Conclusion:

Preah Khan Temple stands as a testament to Khmer ingenuity, royal patronage, and humanitarian ideals. Its architectural grandeur, coupled with its rich historical significance and social welfare initiatives, underscores its enduring legacy as a symbol of Cambodia's cultural heritage and the compassionate rule of King Jayavarman VII.